Leeds
Kronos Porcelain Pavers are produced in the U.S., the manufacturing plants are located in Tennessee.
The factory is member of the U.S. Green Building Council, which is an organization that
promotes buildings that are environmentally responsible, profitable and healthy places to live and work.
In accordance with LEED Rating System and UNI EN ISO 14021:2016 Enviromental
labels and declarations – (Type II enviromental labelling), declares that:
Recycled Content
(% Pre-consumer)
Kronos USA products are produced with
35% of pre-consumer recycled materials
Regional Materials
(% Respect factory)
These Credits are applicable for buildings constructed within 500 miles 804.5 km) from the factory.
The 49% of whole Kronos USA raw materials are quarried in the 500 miles radius. Therefore Kronos USA products contribute for 49% of their value to the LEED Credits of this Section.
Sustainability Resort
Available self-declared Corporale Sustainability Report (CSR) conform to Global Reporting lnitiative (GRI) Sustainability Report
Enviromental Product
Declaration
Available industry-wide Enviromental Product Declaration (EPD) conform to 18014025
Materiai lngredients
Available Health Produci Declaration (HPD) in compliance with the Health Product Declaration open Standard
Waste Management
AII packaging material are fully recyclable and reusable.
The material coming from the demolition of the tiles is “inert” material that can be recycled
Low emitting materials
No traces of VOC (Volatile Organic Compounds) are present in Kronos USA tiles (as certified by the external labs in charge of the tests).
Heat Island Effect
The great majority of Kronos USA products do not contribute to change the energy balance of the environments where installed. They do not produce any Urban Heat Island Effect, thanks to its very good physical properties Solar Reflectance Index SRI ≥ 32:
1,0 – 1,3 W/mK
–
- safeguard of the environment;
- continuous improvement of the environmental performances of Kronos USA products and manufacturing sites;
- healthcare of Kronos Usa workers and customers.
SS SUSTAINABLE SITES: HEAT ISLAND EFFECT
THE HEAT ISLAND EFFECT
Urban areas are usually warmer than their rural surroundings, due to a phenomenon known as the “heat island effect.”
Cities development involves the decrease of vegetation areas in favor of the urban backgrounds, where the surfaces are paved or covered with buildings, the change in ground cover results in less shade and moisture to keep urban areas cool. Built-up areas tend to evaporate less water, which contributes to elevate surface and air temperatures. Several properties of urban materials, in particular solar reflectance, thermal emissivity, and heat capacity, also influence the development of urban heat islands, as they determine how the sun’s energy is reflected, emitted, and absorbed.
Heat islands can affect communities by increasing summertime peak energy
demand, air conditioning costs, air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions, as
well as heat-related illness and mortality, and water quality.
Lawrence Berkley National Laboratories (LBNL), which has performed extensive research on the heat island effect in urban areas, has established that the probability of smog creation rises 5 percent for each one-half degree increase above 70°F. While LBNL has concluded that reduced vegetation accounts for the largest percentage of urban heat islands at 56 percent, dark roofing surfaces run a strong second at 38 percent. The USGBC has addressed the heat island effect in regard to both roofing surfaces and other large, typically paved areas in its LEED guidelines.
WHAT IS THE SOLAR REFLECTANCE INDEX?
In October 2005, the USGBC released new guidelines for LEED credits.
The New Construction Version 2.2 revised the values required for mitigating the heat island effect.
The guidelines are now based on the Solar Reflectance Index (SRI) of specified materials as calculated by ASTM E 1980.
EMITTANCE –
The emittance of a material refers to its ability to release absorbed heat.
Scientists use a number between 0 and 1 to express emittance.
With the exception of metals, most construction materials have emittances above 0.85.
SOLAR REFLECTANCE –
Also known as albedo, is the ratio of the amount of solar radiation reflected from a surface to the total amount reaching that surface (which includes visible and ultraviolet light and infrared radiation).
SOLAR REFLECTANCE INDEX (SRI) –
SRI is a value that incorporates both solar reflectance and emittance in a single value to represent a material’s temperature in the sun. SRI quantify es how hot a surface would get relative to standard black and standard white surfaces.
It is calculated using equations based on previously measured values of solar reflectance and emittance as laid out in the American Society for Testing and Materials Standard E 1980.
WHAT SRI VALUES DO BUILDING MATERIALS NEED FOR LEED?
As shown in Table 1, the minimum SRI for cool roofing has increased in the newer LEED v4. In the earlier LEED 2009 requirements, cool roofing did not consider age. SRI as an option for qualification.
Projects seeking LEED v4 have the option of qualifying using either initial SRI or by obtaining the 3-year aged SRI value.
Slope
Initial SRI
3 yerar aged SRI
LEED 2009
≤ 2:12
78
–
Steep-sloped roof
> 2:12
29
–
Parking Cover
–
29
–
LEED V4
Low sloped roof
≤ 2:12
82
64
Steep-sloped roof
> 2:12
39
32
Parking Cover
–
39
32
The impact of hardscape such as roads, sidewalks, courtyards, and parking lots is an important element in earning the Heat Island reduction credit.
Table 2 shows the requirements for hardscape and shade providing architectural devices and structures. In LEED version 4, paving materials require documentation for Solar Reflectance only, not the SRI asked for in LEED 2009.
Metric
Initial
3 yerar aged SRI
LEED 2009
Solar Reflectance Index
29
–
LEED V4
Solar Reflectance
0.33
0.28
CONCRETE – KRONOS USA
SRI value
LEED Credit
R AVG
EM AVG
Terrazzo Cool White
84
Passed
0,682
0,8920
Monocromatica Bone
78
Passed
0,640
0,910
Monocromatica Sand
74
Passed
0,608
0,930
Terrazzo Cool Grey
72
Passed
0,600
0,890
Terrazzo White Black
69
Passed
0,576
0,900
Terrazzo Grey Black
58
Passed
0,500
0,880
Monocromatica Ash
56
Passed
0,459
0,900
Monocromatica Cognac
42
Passed
0,383
0,850
Monocromatica Leather
41
Passed
0,370
0,890
Monocromatica Basalt
35
Passed
0,310
0,950
Terrazzo Charcoal
30
Passed
0,297
0,870
SRI value
LEED Credit
R AVG
EM AVG
47
Passed
0,419
0,880
SRI value
LEED Credit
R AVG
EM AVG
Quartzite Crystal White
81
Passed
0,661
0,910
80
Passed
0,668
0,909
Icon Travertine Crema
77
Passed
0,638
0,920
Icon Travertine Silver
72
Passed
0,612
0,890
Icon Travertine Shell
68
Passed
0,600
0,915
Icon Travertine Pearl
67
Passed
0,549
0,960
Icon Travertine River
62
Passed
0,520
0,920
Icon Travertine Wallnut
62
Passed
0,525
0,925
62
Passed
0,524
0,900
58
Passed
0,504
0,860
55
Passed
0,505
0,880
55
Passed
0,488
0,840
48
Passed
0,418
0,910
44
Passed
0,392
0,910
44
Passed
0,405
0,860
42
Passed
0,370
0,920
41
Passed
0,372
0,910
37
Passed
0,352
0,870
34
Passed
0,318
0,810
18
–
0,314
0,950
SRI value
LEED Credit
R AVG
EM AVG
52
Passed
0,450
0,910
49
Passed
0,424
0,910
49
Passed
0,429
0,900
38
Passed
0,344
0,910
30
Passed
0,267
0,940
