Leeds

Kronos Porcelain Pavers are produced in the U.S., the manufacturing plants are located in Tennessee.

The factory is member of the U.S. Green Building Council, which is an organization that
promotes buildings that are environmentally responsible, profitable and healthy places to live and work.

In accordance with LEED Rating System and UNI EN ISO 14021:2016 Enviromental
labels and declarations – (Type II enviromental labelling), declares that:

MR – Material & Resources Building Product Disclosure and Optimization

Recycled Content
(% Pre-consumer)

Kronos USA products are produced with
35% of pre-consumer recycled materials

Regional Materials
(% Respect factory)

These Credits are applicable for buildings constructed within 500 miles 804.5 km) from the factory.
The 49% of whole Kronos USA raw materials are quarried in the 500 miles radius. Therefore Kronos USA products contribute for 49% of their value to the LEED Credits of this Section.

Sustainability Resort

Available self-declared Corporale Sustainability Report (CSR) conform to Global Reporting lnitiative (GRI) Sustainability Report

Enviromental Product
Declaration

Available industry-wide Enviromental Product Declaration (EPD) conform to 18014025

Materiai lngredients

Available Health Produci Declaration (HPD) in compliance with the Health Product Declaration open Standard

Waste Management

AII packaging material are fully recyclable and reusable.
The material coming from the demolition of the tiles is “inert” material that can be recycled

EQ – Indoor Enviromental Quality

Low emitting materials

No traces of VOC (Volatile Organic Compounds) are present in Kronos USA tiles (as certified by the external labs in charge of the tests).

SS Sustainable Sites

Heat Island Effect

The great majority of Kronos USA products do not contribute to change the energy balance of the environments where installed. They do not produce any Urban Heat Island Effect, thanks to its very good physical properties Solar Reflectance Index SRI ≥ 32:

EA – Energll & Atmosphere
Energy Performance (Conductivity (y))

1,0 – 1,3 W/mK

IN – Innovation

Kronos USA tiles are produced in manufacturing plans which have got the prestigious ecological mark ECOLABEL (EU Regulation 2002/272/EC). These plants vant the environmental management systems compliant to ISO 14001:2004 and EMAS (European Council Regulation 761/2001). These environmental standards guarantee excellence in terms of:
  • safeguard of the environment;
  • continuous improvement of the environmental performances of Kronos USA products and manufacturing sites;
  • healthcare of Kronos Usa workers and customers.

SS SUSTAINABLE SITES: HEAT ISLAND EFFECT

THE HEAT ISLAND EFFECT

Urban areas are usually warmer than their rural surroundings, due to a phenomenon known as the “heat island effect.”

Cities development involves the decrease of vegetation areas in favor of the urban backgrounds, where the surfaces are paved or covered with buildings, the change in ground cover results in less shade and moisture to keep urban areas cool. Built-up areas tend to evaporate less water, which contributes to elevate surface and air temperatures. Several properties of urban materials, in particular solar reflectance, thermal emissivity, and heat capacity, also influence the development of urban heat islands, as they determine how the sun’s energy is reflected, emitted, and absorbed.

Heat islands can affect communities by increasing summertime peak energy
demand, air conditioning costs, air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions, as
well as heat-related illness and mortality, and water quality. 

Lawrence Berkley National Laboratories (LBNL), which has performed extensive research on the heat island effect in urban areas, has established that the probability of smog creation rises 5 percent for each one-half degree increase above 70°F. While LBNL has concluded that reduced vegetation accounts for the largest percentage of urban heat islands at 56 percent, dark roofing surfaces run a strong second at 38 percent. The USGBC has addressed the heat island effect in regard to both roofing surfaces and other large, typically paved areas in its LEED guidelines.

WHAT IS THE SOLAR REFLECTANCE INDEX?

In October 2005, the USGBC released new guidelines for LEED credits.
The New Construction Version 2.2 revised the values required for mitigating the heat island effect.
The guidelines are now based on the Solar Reflectance Index (SRI) of specified materials as calculated by ASTM E 1980.

EMITTANCE –
The emittance of a material refers to its ability to release absorbed heat. 
Scientists use a number between 0 and 1 to express emittance.
With the exception of metals, most construction materials have emittances above 0.85.

SOLAR REFLECTANCE –
Also known as albedo, is the ratio of the amount of solar radiation reflected from a surface to the total amount reaching that surface (which includes visible and ultraviolet light and infrared radiation).

SOLAR REFLECTANCE INDEX (SRI) –
SRI is a value that incorporates both solar reflectance and emittance in a single value to represent a material’s temperature in the sun. SRI quantify es how hot a surface would get relative to standard black and standard white surfaces.
It is calculated using equations based on previously measured values of solar reflectance and emittance as laid out in the American Society for Testing and Materials Standard E 1980.

WHAT SRI VALUES DO BUILDING MATERIALS NEED FOR LEED?

As shown in Table 1, the minimum SRI for cool roofing has increased in the newer LEED v4. In the earlier LEED 2009 requirements, cool roofing did not consider age. SRI as an option for qualification.
Projects seeking LEED v4 have the option of qualifying using either initial SRI or by obtaining the 3-year aged SRI value.

MINUMUM SRI FOR COOL ROOF MATERIALS IN LEED 2009 VS. LEED V4

Slope

Initial SRI

3 yerar aged SRI

LEED 2009

Low sloped roof

≤ 2:12

78

Steep-sloped roof

> 2:12

29

Parking Cover

29

LEED V4

Low sloped roof

≤ 2:12

82

64

Steep-sloped roof

> 2:12

39

32

Parking Cover

39

32

The impact of hardscape such as roads, sidewalks, courtyards, and parking lots is an important element in earning the Heat Island reduction credit.
Table 2 shows the requirements for hardscape and shade providing architectural devices and structures. In LEED version 4, paving materials require documentation for Solar Reflectance only, not the SRI asked for in LEED 2009.

MINIMUM SOLAR REFLECTANCE FOR HARDSCAPE IN LEED 2009 VS. LEED V4

Metric

Initial

3 yerar aged SRI

LEED 2009

Solar Reflectance Index

29

LEED V4

Solar Reflectance

0.33

0.28

CONCRETE – KRONOS USA

SRI value

LEED Credit

R AVG

EM AVG

Terrazzo Cool White

84

Passed

0,682

0,8920

Monocromatica Bone

78

Passed

0,640

0,910

Monocromatica Sand

74

Passed

0,608

0,930

Terrazzo Cool Grey

72

Passed

0,600

0,890

Terrazzo White Black

69

Passed

0,576

0,900

Terrazzo Grey Black

58

Passed

0,500

0,880

Monocromatica Ash

56

Passed

0,459

0,900

Monocromatica Cognac

42

Passed

0,383

0,850

Monocromatica Leather

41

Passed

0,370

0,890

Monocromatica Basalt

35

Passed

0,310

0,950

Terrazzo Charcoal

30

Passed

0,297

0,870

COTTO – KRONOS USA

SRI value

LEED Credit

R AVG

EM AVG

Cotto

47

Passed

0,419

0,880

STONE – KRONOS USA

SRI value

LEED Credit

R AVG

EM AVG

Quartzite Crystal White

81

Passed

0,661

0,910

Icon Travertine Avorio

80

Passed

0,668

0,909

Icon Travertine Crema

77

Passed

0,638

0,920

Icon Travertine Silver

72

Passed

0,612

0,890

Icon Travertine Shell

68

Passed

0,600

0,915

Icon Travertine Pearl

67

Passed

0,549

0,960

Icon Travertine River

62

Passed

0,520

0,920

Icon Travertine Wallnut

62

Passed

0,525

0,925

Quartzite Cloud

62

Passed

0,524

0,900

Ocean Stone White

58

Passed

0,504

0,860

Icon Travertine Cappuccino

55

Passed

0,505

0,880

Stone Creamstone

55

Passed

0,488

0,840

Quartzite Sandy Island

48

Passed

0,418

0,910

Stone Moonstone

44

Passed

0,392

0,910

Quartzite Laguna

44

Passed

0,405

0,860

Pennsylvania true blue thermal pattern

42

Passed

0,370

0,920

Multicolor

41

Passed

0,372

0,910

Ocean Stone Tan

37

Passed

0,352

0,870

Pennsylvania full color cleft pattern

34

Passed

0,318

0,810

Ocean Stone Black

18

0,314

0,950

WOOD – KRONOS USA

SRI value

LEED Credit

R AVG

EM AVG

Tex Wood Ivory

52

Passed

0,450

0,910

Tex Wood Grey

49

Passed

0,424

0,910

Timber Wood teak

49

Passed

0,429

0,900

Tex Wood Brown

38

Passed

0,344

0,910

Timber Wood Ipe

30

Passed

0,267

0,940

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